🔬 Scientific Research

• adopt an approach to (v phr) – to choose and start using a particular method or way of doing something.

• conduct (v) – to carry out (e.g., research, a study, an experiment).

• demonstrate (v) – to show or prove something clearly.

• eliminate the possibility that (v phr) – to remove or rule out a possible explanation or cause.

• find a solution (collocation) – to discover an answer to a problem.

• major breakthrough (collocation) – an important and dramatic discovery or development.

• observe (v) – to watch or notice something carefully.

• procedure (n) – a set of actions done in a particular order.

• process data (collocation) – to handle and analyze information.

• provide evidence (collocation) – to give proof or support for a claim.

• test a theory (collocation) – to examine whether a theory is correct through experiments or studies.

• variety of sources (collocation) – different origins or types of information.

📘 Scientific Research Verbs and Nouns

• approach (v) – to deal with something in a particular way.

• approach (n) – a method or way of doing something.

• process (v) – to handle and analyze data.

• process (n) – a series of actions or steps taken to achieve something.

• research (v) – to investigate or study systematically.

• research (n) – a detailed study of a subject.

• study (v) – to examine or investigate carefully.

• study (n) – a detailed examination or analysis.

🚀 Aim Higher: Science Expressions

• guinea pig – a test subject (usually a person used in an experiment).

• light years ahead – much more advanced than something else.

• quantum leap – a big or sudden advance or improvement.

• rocket science – something very complicated or difficult to understand (often used in the negative: "It's not rocket science").

• side effects – unintended results or consequences, usually of medicine or treatments.

• trial and error – learning or discovering something through repeated attempts and failures.

📖 Reading Text Vocabulary

• come about (phr v) – to happen or occur.

• come to light – to be revealed or discovered.

• discomfort (n) – a feeling of slight pain or unease.

• distinguish (v) – to recognize or show a difference.

• make out (phr v) – to understand or identify something.

• mutation (n) – a change in a gene or chromosome.

• personal hygiene (n) – cleanliness and care of your body.

• pick up (phr v) – to learn something or get something.

• treatment (n) – medical care or a method for healing.

• widespread (adj) – existing or happening in many places or among many people.

🔄 Transitive Phrasal Verbs

• bring up (phr v) – to mention or introduce a topic.

• go over (phr v) – to review or examine.

• hook up (phr v) – to connect (e.g., equipment or people).

• look at (phr v) – to examine or consider.

• plug in (phr v) – to connect an electrical device to power.

• rely on (phr v) – to depend on.

• show off (phr v) – to boast or display something proudly.

• take after (phr v) – to resemble a family member in appearance or behavior.

• take away (phr v) – to remove something.

• take in (phr v) – to understand or absorb information; to allow someone to stay in your home.

🗣️ Speaking: Useful Language

• "As you said, …" – Agreeing or continuing from someone's idea.

• "To follow on from what you said, …" – Continuing the same point.

• "Going back to what you said earlier about…" – Referring to a previous statement.

• "…which is what you're saying." – Clarifying or paraphrasing.

• "One thing you didn't mention was …" – Adding new information.

• "I'd just like to add to what you said about …" – Supporting or expanding a point.

• "I agree" – Expressing agreement.

• "I see your point, but …" – Polite disagreement.

• "I disagree" – Expressing disagreement.

📝 Writing: Useful Language

• "It is often / widely claimed / suggested that …" – Reporting general beliefs.

• "It is generally believed / held that …" – Reporting widely held opinions.

• "Some / Many people / experts / scientists / critics claim / argue that …" – Stating others' arguments.

• "I am in favour of / against … because …" – Giving your opinion.

• "On the one hand, / On the other hand, …" – Presenting two sides of an argument.

• "For example, / For instance, …" – Giving examples.

• "All things considered, …" – Drawing a conclusion.

• "In my view, / I personally believe that …" – Expressing personal opinion.

Awesome! Let's do some vocabulary exercises to practice what you've learned. We'll start with a mix of multiple choice, fill-in-the-blanks, and matching. Ready? 😎

📝 Exercise 1: Multiple Choice (Choose the correct answer)

1. A scientist must _______ careful observations during an experiment.
A) provide
B) demonstrate
C) observe
D) eliminate

2. A sudden and important discovery in science is called a:
A) side effect
B) mutation
C) breakthrough
D) trial and error

3. Which of the following is a phrasal verb that means "to understand something"?
A) bring up
B) make out
C) hook up
D) take off

✍️ Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

Use words from the list:
research, trial and error, side effects, pick up, adopt, widespread

4. The new medicine caused several unexpected _______ in some patients.
5. Scientists often improve their methods through _______ .
6. I managed to _______ some basic phrases while I was in Italy.
7. She plans to _______ a new approach to analyzing the data.
8. The use of this software is now _______ across the medical industry.
9. They are conducting _______ to find a cure for the disease.

🔗 Exercise 3: Match the Phrasal Verb with Its Meaning

A. Phrasal Verb                      B. Meaning
10. bring up a)           to resemble someone
11. go over b)             to mention a topic
12. take after c)     to remove something
13. take away d)      to review or examine